Asayansi amapeza umboni wa 187 taxonomic orders mu 20 malita a madzi osonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumadera ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Gulu la asayansi lotsogozedwa ndi Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) ndi Appalachian State University agwiritsa ntchito DNA ya chilengedwe (eDNA) kuti alembe zamoyo zamtundu wa alpine za phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, phiri la Everest la 29,032-foot (8,849 metres) lonse. Ntchito yofunikayi ndi gawo la 2019 National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition, ulendo waukulu kwambiri wa sayansi wa Everest.
Polemba zomwe adapeza mu magazini ya iScience, gululo linasonkhanitsa eDNA kuchokera ku zitsanzo za madzi kuchokera ku maiwe khumi ndi mitsinje yakuya kuyambira mamita 14,763 (4,500 mamita) mpaka 18,044 mapazi (5,500 mamita) pa masabata anayi. Malowa akuphatikizapo madera a malamba a alpine omwe amakhala pamwamba pa mtengowo ndipo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zamaluwa ndi zitsamba, komanso malamba aeolian omwe amapitirira kupitirira zomera zamaluwa ndi zitsamba kumtunda kwa biosphere. Iwo adazindikira zamoyo za 187 taxonomic orders kuchokera ku malita 20 okha a madzi, ofanana ndi 16.3%, kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi, a chiwerengero chonse cha madongosolo odziwika mu Mtengo wa Moyo, banja la zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi.
eDNA imafufuza kuchuluka kwa majini osiyidwa ndi zamoyo ndi nyama zakuthengo ndipo imapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yofulumira komanso yokwanira yopititsa patsogolo luso la kafukufuku wowunika zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'malo amadzi. Zitsanzo zimasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi losindikizidwa lomwe lili ndi zosefera zomwe zimatchera chibadwa, zomwe zimawunikidwa mu labotale pogwiritsa ntchito DNA metabarcoding ndi njira zina zotsatirira. WCS imagwiritsa ntchito eDNA kuti ipeze zamoyo zosowa komanso zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha kuchokera ku anamgumi a humpback kupita ku Swinhoe softshell turtles, imodzi mwa mitundu yosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mapu otentha owerengera motsatizana mabakiteriya omwe adadziwika ndikusankhidwa mwadongosolo la taxonomic pogwiritsa ntchito SingleM ndi database ya Greengenes kuchokera patsamba lililonse.
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa Everest anayang'ana pa kuzindikiritsa mlingo wa dongosolo, gululi lidatha kuzindikira zamoyo zambiri mpaka kumtundu wamtundu kapena zamoyo.
Mwachitsanzo, gululo lidazindikira ma rotifers ndi tardigrades, tinyama ting'onoting'ono tiwiri tomwe timadziwika kuti timakula bwino m'malo ovuta kwambiri komanso ovuta kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza nkhuku ya chipale chofewa ya ku Tibetan yomwe idapezeka ku Sagarmatha National Park ndipo adadabwa kupeza mitundu monga agalu apakhomo ndi nkhuku zomwe zimayimira momwe zochita za anthu zimakhudzira malo.
Anapezanso mitengo ya paini yomwe imapezeka m’mphepete mwa mapiri okha kutali kwambiri ndi kumene anatengerapo zitsanzo, kusonyeza mmene mungu wowombedwa ndi mphepo umayendera m’mwamba kupita m’malo amadzi ameneŵa. Cholengedwa china chomwe adachipeza m'malo angapo chinali mayfly, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
Zolemba za eDNA zithandizira kuyang'anira kwamtsogolo kwa mapiri a Himalaya ndi kafukufuku wowona zamagulu azaka zomwe zikusintha pakapita nthawi chifukwa kutentha kochitika chifukwa cha nyengo, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana komanso momwe anthu amasinthira kusintha kwachilengedwe, komwe kumadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Dr. Tracey Seimon wa WCS Animal Health Programme, wotsogolera gulu la Everest Biofield komanso wofufuza wamkulu, anati: “Pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo. Malo a alpine, kuphatikizapo Mount Everest, ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwa nthawi yaitali zamoyo wa alpine, kuphatikizapo kuwunika kwa bioclimatic ndi kuwunika kwa kusintha kwa nyengo. ”
Dr Marisa Lim wa ku Wildlife Conservation Society anati: “Tinapita pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kufunafuna moyo. Nazi zomwe tapeza. Komabe, nkhaniyi simathera pamenepo. thandizani kudziwa zanzeru zam'tsogolo."
Woyang’anira ntchito wofufuza za m’munda, wofufuza wa National Geographic ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira pa Appalachian State University Dr. Anton Simon anati: “Zaka zana zapitazo, atafunsidwa kuti, ‘N’chifukwa chiyani upite ku Everest?’, wokwera mapiri wa ku Britain George Mallory anayankha kuti, ‘Chifukwa kunali komweko. Gulu lathu la 2019 linali ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri: tidapita ku Mount Everest chifukwa inali yophunzitsa ndipo ingatiphunzitse za dziko lomwe tikukhalamo. "
Popangitsa kuti deta yotsegukayi ipezeke kwa anthu ochita kafukufuku, olembawo akuyembekeza kuti athandizira kuyesetsa komwe kukuchitika popanga zida zama cell kuti aphunzire ndikuwona kusintha kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'mapiri okwera kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zolemba zolembedwa: Lim et al., Kugwiritsa ntchito DNA yachilengedwe kuwunika zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za Mtengo wa Moyo kumwera kwa Mount Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 ndi Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, USA 2 Appalachian State University, Dipatimenti ya Geography ndi Planning, Boone, NC 28608, USA 3 McGill University, Redpath Department of Museums and Biology, Montreal, H3A 0G4 , CanadaQ94 Department of Primary Industries, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 University of Colorado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6 National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, USA 8 Lead Contact * Communications
Cholinga: WCS imapulumutsa nyama zakutchire ndi nyama zakutchire padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu sayansi, kuyesetsa kuteteza, maphunziro ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti aziyamikira chilengedwe. Kuti tikwaniritse ntchito yathu, WCS ili ku Bronx Zoo, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za pulogalamu yake yoteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse, yomwe imayendera chaka chilichonse ndi anthu 4 miliyoni m'mayiko pafupifupi 60 ndi nyanja zonse za dziko lapansi, komanso malo asanu osungira nyama ku New. York. WCS imabweretsa pamodzi ukadaulo wake mu zoo ndi malo osungiramo madzi am'madzi kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yake yosamalira. Pitani: newsroom.wcs.org Tsatirani: @WCSNewsroom. Kuti mudziwe zambiri: 347-840-1242. Mvetserani ku WCS Wild Audio podcast apa.
Monga bungwe lalikulu la boma ku Southeast, Appalachian State University imakonzekeretsa ophunzira kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa monga nzika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimamvetsetsa ndikutenga udindo wopanga tsogolo lokhazikika la onse. Zochitika za Appalachian zimalimbikitsa mzimu wophatikizika mwa kubweretsa anthu pamodzi m'njira zolimbikitsa zopezera ndi kupanga chidziwitso, kukula kwathunthu, kuchita mwachidwi komanso motsimikiza mtima, komanso kuvomereza kusiyanasiyana ndi kusiyana. Ma Appalachian, omwe ali m'mapiri a Blue Ridge, ndi amodzi mwa masukulu 17 mu dongosolo la University of North Carolina. Ndi ophunzira pafupifupi 21,000, Yunivesite ya Appalachian ili ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha ophunzira ndipo imapereka mapulogalamu oposa 150 omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba komanso omaliza maphunziro.
Mgwirizano wa National Geographic ndi Rolex umathandizira maulendo okafufuza malo ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi padziko lonse lapansi komanso umisiri wotsogola kuti awulule zidziwitso zatsopano zamakina ofunikira kuti pakhale moyo Padziko Lapansi, maulendowa amathandiza asayansi, opanga mfundo ndi madera akumaloko kukonzekera ndikupeza njira zothetsera vuto la nyengo ndi nyengo. Chilengedwe chikusintha, ndikuwuza zodabwitsa za dziko lathu kudzera mu nkhani zamphamvu.
Kwa pafupifupi zaka zana, Rolex wakhala akuthandiza ofufuza apainiya omwe akufuna kukankhira malire a kuthekera kwaumunthu. Kampaniyo yachoka pakulimbikitsa kafukufuku kuti apezeke kuti ateteze dziko lapansi podzipereka kwanthawi yayitali kuthandiza anthu ndi mabungwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sayansi kuti amvetsetse ndikukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto amasiku ano azachilengedwe.
Kuyanjana kumeneku kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Forever Planet mu 2019, yomwe poyamba idayang'ana kwambiri anthu omwe amathandizira kuti pakhale dziko labwinopo kudzera mu Rolex Awards for Enterprise, kuteteza nyanja kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi Mission Blue, ndikupangitsa kusintha kwanyengo kukhala chenicheni. zimamveka ngati gawo la ubale wake ndi National Geographic Society.
Zowonjezereka za maubwenzi ena omwe atengedwa pansi pa ndondomeko ya Perpetual Planet tsopano akuphatikizapo: maulendo a polar omwe amakankhira malire a kufufuza pansi pa madzi; One Ocean Foundation ndi Menkab kuteteza chilengedwe cha cetacean ku Mediterranean; Xunaan-Ha Expedition ikuwulula madzi abwino ku Yucatan, Mexico; BIG ulendo wopita ku Arctic mu 2023 kuti akasonkhanitse deta pa zoopsa za Arctic; Hearts In The Ice, komanso kusonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ku Arctic; ndi Monaco Blue Initiative, ikubweretsa akatswiri odziwa njira zotetezera nyanja.
Rolex amathandiziranso mabungwe ndi zoyeserera zomwe zimalimbikitsa m'badwo wotsatira wa ofufuza, asayansi ndi oteteza zachilengedwe kudzera mumaphunziro ndi zopereka monga World Underwater Scholarship Association ndi Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
National Geographic Society ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lopanda phindu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za sayansi, kafukufuku, maphunziro, ndi nthano kuti liwunikire ndi kuteteza zodabwitsa za dziko lathu lapansi. Kuyambira 1888, National Geographic yakhala ikukankhira malire a kafukufuku, kuyika ndalama mu luso lolimba mtima ndi malingaliro osintha, kupereka ndalama zoposa 15,000 za ntchito m'makontinenti asanu ndi awiri, kufikira ophunzira 3 miliyoni pachaka ndi zopereka za maphunziro, ndi kukopa chidwi cha padziko lonse kupyolera mu siginecha. , nkhani ndi zomwe zili. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku www.nationalgeographic.org kapena mutitsatire pa Instagram, Twitter ndi Facebook.
Cholinga: WCS imapulumutsa nyama zakutchire ndi nyama zakutchire padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu sayansi, kuyesetsa kuteteza, maphunziro ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti aziyamikira chilengedwe. Kuchokera ku Bronx Zoo, WCS imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za pulogalamu yake yoteteza zachilengedwe kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chake, ndi alendo 4 miliyoni chaka chilichonse m'mayiko pafupifupi 60 ndi nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, komanso malo asanu osungira nyama ku New York City. WCS imabweretsa pamodzi ukadaulo wake mu zoo ndi malo osungiramo madzi am'madzi kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yake yosamalira. Pitani ku newsroom.wcs.org. Lembani: @WCSNewsroom. Zowonjezera: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Co-founder wa SpaceRef, membala wa Explorers Club, wakale-NASA, gulu loyendera, mtolankhani, mlengalenga ndi astrobiologist, adalephera kukwera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-10-2022